Synthesis of Fe–Ni–TiO2/activated carbon nanoparticles and evaluation of catalytic activity in a palm oil/diesel fuel blended diesel engine and optimization with RSM | Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET)

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Table 2

Optimum results obtained with fuels containing nanoparticles.

Blend	Inputs	Optimum engine conditions	Ref.
Diesel/Waste cooking oil methyl ester/Alumina	Engine speed Nanoparticle concentration	1000 rpm engine speed 160 ppm nanoparticle concentration	[35]
Diesel/Neem biodiesel/Nickel oxide	Injection Timing Nanoparticle concentration Compression Ratio Injection Pressure	26.998° before top dead centre 227.86 bar injection pressure 17.2585 compression ratio 25.0003 ppm nanoparticle concentration	[36]
Diesel/Water hyacinth oil biodiesel/Hydrogen/Cerium oxide	Engine load Hydrogen blend Nanoparticle concentration Compression ratio Injection Pressure	87.8788% engine load 28.68% hydrogen blend 80 ppm nanoparticle concentration 19 compression ratio 194.54 bar injection pressure	[37]
Diesel/Sesame oil/Graphene oxide	Engine load Nanoparticle concentration	1950 W engine load 100 ppm graphene oxide	[38]
Diesel/Acacia concinna biodiesel/titanium dioxide	Engine load Nanoparticle concentration Injection Timing	150 mg/L nanoparticle concentration 22.5° before top dead centre 82.37% engine load	[39]

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