Open Access
Table 5
Comparative analyses of the experimental outcomes (from highest to lowest).
| Characteristic | Parameter | Order |
|---|---|---|
| Combustion behavior | Peak in-cylinder pressure | Diesel fuel > B5 > B10 > B20 > B100 |
| Peak heat release rate | Diesel fuel > B5 > B10 > B20 > B100 | |
| Ignition delay period | B100 > B20 > B10 > B5 > Diesel fuel | |
| Harmful pollutants | Oxides of nitrogen | B100 > B20 > B10 > B5 > Diesel fuel |
| Carbon dioxide | B100 > B20 > B10 > B5 > Diesel fuel | |
| Smoke opacity | Diesel fuel > B5 > B10 > B20 > B100 | |
| Unburned hydrocarbon | Diesel fuel > B5 > B10 > B20 > B100 | |
| Oxygen | B100 > B20 > B10 > B5 > Diesel fuel | |
| Carbon monoxide | Diesel fuel > B5 > B10 > B20 > B100 | |
| Engine performance | Brake thermal efficiency | Diesel fuel > B5 > B10 > B20 > B100 |
| Brake specific fuel consumption | B100 > B20 > B10 > B5 > Diesel fuel | |
| Brake specific energy consumption | B100 > B20 > B10 > B5 > Diesel fuel | |
| Exhaust gas temperature | B100 > B20 > B10 > B5 > Diesel fuel |
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