Table 5

Comparison between MRAS-BFO and 2 more conventional method.

Criteria Proposed MRAS-BFO Kalman filter Classic MRAS
Estimation accuracy High (93%) Moderate (87%) Moderate (81%)
Chattering level Low (2%) Low (5%) High (7%)
Response time Fast (0.012 s) Moderate (0.014 s) Fast (0.0009 s)
System rapidity High Moderate High
Computational efficiency Moderate (requires optimization steps) High (well-structured recursive approach) High

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