Biodiesel production from hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) oil: Providing optimum conditions by response surface methodology | Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET)

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Table 5

The comparison of biodiesel production process parameters from Cannabis sativa L. seed oil with other feedstocks.

Feedstock	Biodiesel production equipment	Production process parameters							Optimization method	Optimum reaction conditions				Yield (%)	Refs.
		Catalyst		Alcohol		Reaction time (min)	Reaction temperature (°C)	Agitation intensity (rpm)		Catalyst amount (w/w)	Alcohol to oil molar ratio	Reaction time (min)	Reaction temperature (°C)
		Type	Amount (w/w)	Type	Alcohol to oil molar ratio	Reaction time (min)	Reaction temperature (°C)	Agitation intensity (rpm)		Catalyst amount (w/w)	Alcohol to oil molar ratio	Reaction time (min)	Reaction temperature (°C)
Cannabis sativa L. seed	Three-necked flat bottom flask, magnetic stirrer	KOH	0.4–1.2	Methanol	2:1–10:1	20–100	50–70	800	RSM, CCD	0.804	7.4141	62.8283	61.9192	95.24	This work
Jatropha-algae oil blend	A spherical glass reactor with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer	KOH	0–2	Methanol	6:1–12:1	60–180	35–55	Absent	RSM, Box-Behnken	0.3	10	172	53	96	[64]
Grape seed	The flat-bottomed Erlenmeyer flask, magnetic stirrer	NaOH	0.143–1.657	Methanol	0.11545–0.3845	30–90	60	450	RSM, CCD	1.045	0.2758	66.6	60	97.7	[78]
Sterculia foetida	A round-necked flat bottom flask, magnetic stirrer	NaOH	0.55–1.55	Methanol	10–30 (v/v)	15–195	50–70	800	RSM, CCD	1.09	26% (v/v)	135	63	94.941	[79]
Orange peel	Three-necked flat bottom flask, magnetic stirrer	KOH	0.25–1	Methanol	3:1–9:1	30–90	45–65	350	RSM	0.67	6.27	58.16	53	97.21	[80]
Kusum	A around bottled flask fitted reflux type condenser, magnetic stirrer,	KOH	0–2	Methanol	0–12:1	30–150	50–70	500	RSM, CCRD	0.95	7.5	115	63.3	98.48	[68]
Sinapis alba L.	Three-necked flat bottom flask, magnetic stirrer	NaOH	0.2–1.0	Methanol	2:1–10:1	30–90	50–70	800	RSM, CCD	0.63	7.41	62.12	61.84	96.695	[5]
Flaxseed	Three-necked flat bottom flask, magnetic stirrer	KOH	0.4–1.0	Methanol	4:1–6:1	30–60	35–65	Absent	RSM, FCCD	0.51	5.9	33	59	98 ± 2	[57]
Carica papaya	Three-neck laboratory reactors, magnetic stirrer	KOH	0.5–1.5	Methanol	4:1–10:1	60	45–65	600	RSM, Box-Behnken	1.0	10	60	45	96.48	[47]
Ailanthus altissima seed	Ultrasonication device, amplitude: 70%, pulse: 70	KOH	1–2	Methanol	2:1–12:1	2–10	50	Absent	RSM, Box-Behnken	1.01	8.5:1	4.71	50	92.26	[81]

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