Open Access

Table 5

The comparison of biodiesel production process parameters from Cannabis sativa L. seed oil with other feedstocks.

Feedstock Biodiesel production equipment Production process parameters
Optimization method Optimum reaction conditions
Yield (%) Refs.
Catalyst
Alcohol
Reaction time (min) Reaction temperature (°C) Agitation intensity (rpm) Catalyst amount (w/w) Alcohol to oil molar ratio Reaction time (min) Reaction temperature (°C)
Type Amount (w/w) Type Alcohol to oil molar ratio
Cannabis sativa L. seed Three-necked flat bottom flask, magnetic stirrer KOH 0.4–1.2 Methanol 2:1–10:1 20–100 50–70 800 RSM, CCD 0.804 7.4141 62.8283 61.9192 95.24 This work
Jatropha-algae oil blend A spherical glass reactor with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer KOH 0–2 Methanol 6:1–12:1 60–180 35–55 Absent RSM, Box-Behnken 0.3 10 172 53 96 [64]
Grape seed The flat-bottomed Erlenmeyer flask, magnetic stirrer NaOH 0.143–1.657 Methanol 0.11545–0.3845 30–90 60 450 RSM, CCD 1.045 0.2758 66.6 60 97.7 [78]
Sterculia foetida A round-necked flat bottom flask, magnetic stirrer NaOH 0.55–1.55 Methanol 10–30 (v/v) 15–195 50–70 800 RSM, CCD 1.09 26% (v/v) 135 63 94.941 [79]
Orange peel Three-necked flat bottom flask, magnetic stirrer KOH 0.25–1 Methanol 3:1–9:1 30–90 45–65 350 RSM 0.67 6.27 58.16 53 97.21 [80]
Kusum A around bottled flask fitted reflux type condenser, magnetic stirrer, KOH 0–2 Methanol 0–12:1 30–150 50–70 500 RSM, CCRD 0.95 7.5 115 63.3 98.48 [68]
Sinapis alba L. Three-necked flat bottom flask, magnetic stirrer NaOH 0.2–1.0 Methanol 2:1–10:1 30–90 50–70 800 RSM, CCD 0.63 7.41 62.12 61.84 96.695 [5]
Flaxseed Three-necked flat bottom flask, magnetic stirrer KOH 0.4–1.0 Methanol 4:1–6:1 30–60 35–65 Absent RSM, FCCD 0.51 5.9 33 59 98 ± 2 [57]
Carica papaya Three-neck laboratory reactors, magnetic stirrer KOH 0.5–1.5 Methanol 4:1–10:1 60 45–65 600 RSM, Box-Behnken 1.0 10 60 45 96.48 [47]
Ailanthus altissima seed Ultrasonication device, amplitude: 70%, pulse: 70 KOH 1–2 Methanol 2:1–12:1 2–10 50 Absent RSM, Box-Behnken 1.01 8.5:1 4.71 50 92.26 [81]

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