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Table 3
Design of the experiment to produce biodiesel from HSO.
| Run | A | B | C | D | Methanol to oil molar ratio (mol/mol) | Catalyst concentration (wt.%) | Reaction temperature (°C) | Reaction time (min) | Produced biodiesel (wt.%) | Predicted biodiesel (wt.%) | Residual (wt.%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 4:1 | 0.6 | 55 | 40 | 85.73 | 86.05 | −0.3228 |
| 2 | 1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 8:1 | 0.6 | 55 | 40 | 92.68 | 92.15 | 0.5284 |
| 3 | −1 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 4:1 | 1.0 | 55 | 40 | 84.88 | 85.29 | −0.4112 |
| 4 | 1 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 8:1 | 1.0 | 55 | 40 | 90.84 | 89.97 | 0.8692 |
| 5 | −1 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 4:1 | 0.6 | 65 | 40 | 88.26 | 88.11 | 0.1452 |
| 6 | 1 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 8:1 | 0.6 | 65 | 40 | 93.18 | 93.06 | 0.1224 |
| 7 | −1 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 4:1 | 1.0 | 65 | 40 | 90.71 | 89.82 | 0.8928 |
| 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 8:1 | 1.0 | 65 | 40 | 93.29 | 93.34 | −0.0508 |
| 9 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 4:1 | 0.6 | 55 | 80 | 89.57 | 89.66 | −0.0936 |
| 10 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 8:1 | 0.6 | 55 | 80 | 92.40 | 93.18 | −0.7768 |
| 11 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 4:1 | 1.0 | 55 | 80 | 89.58 | 89.59 | −0.0068 |
| 12 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 8:1 | 1.0 | 55 | 80 | 91.39 | 91.68 | −0.2908 |
| 13 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 4:1 | 0.6 | 65 | 80 | 89.34 | 90.10 | −0.7576 |
| 14 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 8:1 | 0.6 | 65 | 80 | 92.72 | 92.45 | 0.2652 |
| 15 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4:1 | 1.0 | 65 | 80 | 91.81 | 92.48 | −0.6748 |
| 16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8:1 | 1.0 | 65 | 80 | 93.86 | 93.42 | 0.4372 |
| 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6:1 | 0.8 | 60 | 60 | 95.15 | 94.67 | 0.4772 |
| 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6:1 | 0.8 | 60 | 60 | 94.11 | 94.67 | −0.5628 |
| 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6:1 | 0.8 | 60 | 60 | 93.83 | 94.67 | −0.8428 |
| 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6:1 | 0.8 | 60 | 60 | 95.01 | 94.67 | 0.3372 |
| 21 | −a | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2:1 | 0.8 | 60 | 60 | 87.45 | 86.78 | 0.6652 |
| 22 | a | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10:1 | 0.8 | 60 | 60 | 93.32 | 93.82 | −0.5016 |
| 23 | 0 | −a | 0 | 0 | 6:1 | 0.4 | 60 | 60 | 91.33 | 90.88 | 0.4452 |
| 24 | 0 | a | 0 | 0 | 6:1 | 1.2 | 60 | 60 | 90.81 | 91.09 | −0.2812 |
| 25 | 0 | 0 | −a | 0 | 6:1 | 0.8 | 50 | 60 | 89.49 | 89.19 | 0.2992 |
| 26 | 0 | 0 | a | 0 | 6:1 | 0.8 | 70 | 60 | 92.86 | 92.99 | −0.1348 |
| 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −a | 6:1 | 0.8 | 60 | 20 | 87.50 | 88.36 | −0.8608 |
| 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a | 6:1 | 0.8 | 60 | 100 | 93.08 | 92.05 | 1.0264 |
| 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6:1 | 0.8 | 60 | 60 | 95.00 | 94.67 | 0.3272 |
| 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6:1 | 0.8 | 60 | 60 | 95.07 | 94.67 | 0.3972 |
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