Regular Article

Research on factors influencing the performance of electric vehicles and its impacts

¹ Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur 522213, India
² Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru 560012, India

^* Corresponding author: kiransaidasari23@gmail.com

Received: 28 November 2024
Accepted: 2 May 2025

Abstract

Optimizing the forces acting on Electric Vehicles (EVs) is crucial for enhancing performance and energy efficiency, and it is also a key to advancing sustainable transportation. While considerable literature exists on the performance of individual factors, it is felt that there is a gap in the studies that integrate tractive effort, rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, and hill-climbing force into a unified framework. The present investigation describes a developed comprehensive analytical framework to optimize the combined effects of forces. A systematic analysis is conducted, wherein the work highlights the critical impact of coupling parameters such as tire pressure, road surface, drag coefficient, wind velocity, road grade, vehicle speed, and payload. Some important findings demonstrate that optimal tire pressure and smooth surfaces reduce rolling resistance, while streamlined designs and effective wind management minimize aerodynamic drag, especially at high speeds. Efficient speed and payload management are also essential for maintaining performance on steep inclines. Furthermore, the analysis reveals alignment with FTP-75 driving cycle standards, underscoring accurate performance across parameters, including speed management and energy consumption. It is thought these insights could be helpful to the manufacturers, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the importance of considering these coupled relationships in EV design and operation, developing more efficient and sustainable EVs, leading to improved performance, extended range, reduced energy consumption, and enhanced maintenance practices.