Table 5

Tortuosity contrast and discriminative power (plane-based tortuosities). Tortuosity contrasts, computed on each pair of neighboring models and multiplied by 1000. Models contrasts (2)–(1) and (3)–(2) focus on volume fraction. Models contrasts (4)–(1) and (5)–(4) focus on heterogeneity. Models contrasts (2’)–(1’) and (3’)–(2’), and (1’)–(1), (2’)–(2) and (3’)–(3) focus on anisotropy; two propagating direction are evaluated, x (compression direction) and y (perpendicular direction).

	Tortuosity
Models	τg	τm	τB	τP	τG	${\tau }_{G_r}$
(2)–(1) Mean	16.7722	19.2918	19.3079	19.7127	19.8148	20.7342
(3)–(2) Mean	37.0333	44.7515	44.8455	43.8383	44.3430	48.0245
(4)–(1) Mean	−0.8235	0.7855	0.7960	0.9559	1.3239	1.2092
(5)–(4) Mean	−1.5124	0.8427	0.8557	1.0286	1.6917	1.7781
(2’)–(1’) x	29.1309	36.1049	36.1845	37.4475	37.4696	40.1041
(2’)–(1’) y	13.4701	15.0265	15.0357	15.2992	15.5176	16.1124
(2’)–(1’) Mean	18.5355	22.3713	22.4062	23.0458	23.2910	24.6905
(3’)–(2’) x	72.3689	90.0302	90.4532	89.6071	90.1563	105.7989
(3’)–(2’) y	28.3907	35.8888	35.9602	34.2690	37.0315	39.5332
(3’)–(2’) Mean	44.5010	55.5838	55.7895	54.6308	56.8537	64.2439
(1’)–(1) x	6.9698542	18.9416136	18.9984366	20.3329788	22.0123757	21.9026839
(1’)–(1) y	−2.3933944	−5.88022862	−5.88897808	−6.28823676	−6.39779919	−6.48961922
(1’)–(1) Mean	0.82760245	2.53647373	2.5502427	2.7526925	3.25508346	3.16580604
(2’)–(2) x	20.0463449	35.7749669	35.8928035	38.1020339	40.0873376	41.7567377
(2’)–(2) y	−6.44152978	−10.1851369	−10.1993753	−10.7462245	−10.7905948	−11.1304736
(2’)–(2) Mean	2.59147916	5.61729475	5.64983032	6.08728922	6.73277598	7.1240219
(3’)–(3) x	53.4442072	78.9423319	79.3866642	82.9512547	88.1696935	100.491996
(3’)–(3) y	−13.3856754	−18.5636667	−18.6052757	−20.0874668	−18.6192558	−20.1281987
(3’)–(3) Mean	10.0713305	16.4756856	16.6203024	16.9045713	19.273502	23.3909106