Floating solar sustainability on land and ocean: A strategic assessment using SWOT-TWOS-PESTLE analysis | Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET)

Decarbonizing Energy Systems: Smart Grid and Renewable Technologies

Open Access

Table 1

Comparison of floating solar installations on stagnant water bodies and ocean-based floating solar.

Study	Location	Parameters studied	Key findings	Advantages	Disadvantages	Reference
Potential from Specific Water Bodies (USA)	USA, Inland Water Bodies	Potential energy generation	27% of water bodies hold 10% potential for national power generation	High potential for power generation	Requires large coverage area	[18]
Floating Solar PV on Lake Nasser (Egypt)	Lake Nasser, Egypt	Stability, efficiency, water conservation	Analyses wind/wave impact, evaluates water savings, high energy generation potential	High potential for power generation, Reduces water evaporation		[4]
Wave Stability of Floating PV (Europe)	Water Bodies, European	Wave impact on stability	Studies wave impact using simulations		Limited to technical analysis	[19]
Photovoltaic Potential in Spain	Inland Waterbodies, Spain	Photovoltaic potential	10% coverage meets 31% of energy demand and reduces emissions	High potential for power generation	Requires large coverage area	[20]
Photovoltaic Potential in Brazil	Waterbodies, Brazil	Photovoltaic potential, wind speed, air temperature, economic analysis	1% coverage generates 12.5% of electricity	High potential for power generation	Requires large coverage area	[21]
Climate Impact on Efficiency (Netherlands & Singapore)	Netherlands & Singapore	Climate impact on efficiency	Floating PV 3–6% more efficient, higher efficiency in tropics	Improved efficiency		[22]
Societal/Legal Obstacles of FSPV (Thailand)	FSPV installations in Thailand	Societal and legal obstacles	FSPV plants have lower cost and shorter payback period	Economically viable		[9]
Small-Scale FSPV Installations (Malaysia)	FSPV in Malaysia	Small-scale installations	16 FSPV systems with 50 MW total capacity identified		Limited study on small scale installations	[5]
Techno-Economic & Environmental Comparison (Iran)	Iran	Techno-economic & environmental comparison	Floating PV superior to land-based systems, reduces water evaporation	High potential for power generation, Reduces water evaporation		[23]
Offshore Floating PV Systems (India)	India	In-depth climate analysis, performance evaluation, cost analysis, carbon emission reduction	In-depth analysis for offshore floating PV systems		Limited to technical analysis	[24]

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