Enhanced Randomized Harris Hawk Optimization of PI controller for power flow control in the microgrid with the PV-wind-battery system | Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET)

Decarbonizing Energy Systems: Smart Grid and Renewable Technologies

Open Access

Table 3

Comparison of metrics between proposed algorithm and previous algorithms from the literature.

Algorithm	DC bus voltage				Active power				Reactive power
Algorithm	Rise time(s)	Overshoot (%)	Settling time(s)	Steady state error (%)	Rise time(s)	Overshoot (%)	Settling time(s)	Steady state error (%)	Rise time(s)	Overshoot (%)	Settling time(s)	Steady state error (%)
Proposed ERHHO	0.0254	1.0248	0.0408	0.3389	0.0199	1.6702	0.0327	0.1587	0.0199	1.6860	0.0325	0.0355
MCABC	0.0406	5.0580	0.1197	0.6778	0.0406	4.7707	0.1174	0.1679	0.0381	4.0156	0.1066	0.0401
TLBO-EO	0.0425	5.9083	0.1311	0.7117	0.0363	3.0116	0.0942	0.1687	0.0291	7.9938	0.0932	0.0452
SMO	0.0355	11.4332	0.1235	0.6947	0.0638	0.8024	0.1024	0.1696	0.0417	2.1603	0.0964	0.0413
ARA	0.0423	4.7517	0.1277	0.7625	0.0294	8.0050	0.0941	0.1669	0.0281	9.6522	0.0928	0.0479
CB	0.0456	8.7447	0.1482	0.8133	0.0373	4.7931	0.1075	0.1770	0.0334	8.5389	0.1068	0.0485
Ziegler Nicholas	0.0607	39.9643	0.7925	0.8756	0.1147	31.1323	0.9171	0.1801	0.1148	31.1441	0.9193	0.0623

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