A method to design contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerators (CS-TENG) for efficient vibration energy harvesting | Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET)

Decarbonizing Energy Systems: Smart Grid and Renewable Technologies

Open Access

Table 1

Definition of basic parameters of the TENG.

Parameters	Label
TENG area	A_d
Dielectric thickness	h_d
Dielectric constant	ε_r
Vacuum permittivity	ε₀
TENG capacitance at zero gap	C₀
Triboelectric charge density	σ
Vertical position of the moving electrode	z(t)
Vibration frequency	f
Peak-to-peak vibration amplitude	z_max
Voltage at TENG terminals	U
Electrical charge carried by the mobile electrode	Q
Load resistance	R
Output energy transferred to the load R during a TENG cycle	E_cycle
Maximum output energy during a TENG cycle	E_ref
Energy efficiency	$η = \frac{E_{cycle}}{E_{ref}}$ $\eta =\frac{{E}_{\mathrm{cycle}}}{{E}_{\mathrm{ref}}}$
Lower switching level	S_L
Higher switching level	S_H
Normalized load resistance	α = RC₀f
Normalized dielectric thickness	$β = \frac{h_{d}}{ε_{0} z_{\max}}$ $\beta =\frac{{h}_{\mathrm{d}}}{{\epsilon }_0\enspace {z}_{\mathrm{max}}}$

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