Table 8
Floating solar electrical subsystem components and functions.
| Subsystem type | Description | Components | Parameters | Functionality | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inverters |
Convert the DC electricity produced by PV modules into AC electricity for grid compatibility. | Central inverters, string inverters, microinverters. | – Efficiency: 95–98% | Facilitate connection to the power grid and optimize energy output. | [70] |
| – Power rating: Up to several MW | |||||
Power management systems |
Manage the flow of electricity between the PV modules, inverters, and the grid. | Controllers and monitoring systems. | – Response time: Real-time monitoring | Ensure efficient energy distribution and system performance monitoring. | [71] |
| – Communication protocols: Modbus, CAN | |||||
Subsea cables |
Underwater cables used to transmit electricity from floating solar arrays to onshore connections. | High-voltage AC or DC cables. | – Voltage rating: Up to 36 kV | Enable long-distance power transmission while minimizing losses. | [65] |
| – Waterproofing: IP68 rated | |||||
Connectors and junction boxes |
Components that connect individual PV modules and facilitate safe electrical connections. | Weatherproof connectors, junction boxes. | – Current rating: Up to 30 A | Protect electrical connections from water and environmental damage. | |
| – IP rating: IP67 or higher | |||||
Energy storage systems |
Batteries or other storage technologies to store excess energy generated by the system. | Lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, etc. | – Capacity: Varies (kWh) | Provide backup power and stabilize energy supply during low production periods. | [71] |
| – Cycle life: 3000–5000 cycles | |||||
Monitoring systems |
Systems that track performance metrics of the floating solar installation in real-time. | Sensors, data loggers, and software interfaces. | – Data logging frequency: Every minute to hourly | Enable proactive maintenance and performance optimization through data analysis. | [72] |
| Communication range: Up to several kilometers via wireless protocols |
Les statistiques affichées correspondent au cumul d'une part des vues des résumés de l'article et d'autre part des vues et téléchargements de l'article plein-texte (PDF, Full-HTML, ePub... selon les formats disponibles) sur la platefome Vision4Press.
Les statistiques sont disponibles avec un délai de 48 à 96 heures et sont mises à jour quotidiennement en semaine.
Le chargement des statistiques peut être long.