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Table 7
Comparison of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel produced from Cannabis sativa L. and other raw materials based on the EN 14214 standard.
| No | Property | Unit | EN 14214 |
This study | Sterculia foetida [79] | Sinapis alba [5] | Grape seed oil biodiesel [87] | Flaxseed oil biodiesel [57] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min. | Max. | ||||||||
| 1 | Higher heating value | kJ/kg | – | – | 38.80 | 39.86 | 39.931 | 39.95 | 40.46 |
| 2 | Density at 15 °C | g/cm3 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.872 | 0.892 | 0.878 | 0.882 | 0.876 |
| 3 | Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C | mm2/s | 3.50 | 5.00 | 4.329 | 5.579 | 5.413 | 4.32 | 2.97 |
| 4 | Cetane number | – | 51 | – | 37.36 | – | 57.23 | 52.8 | 43 |
| 5 | Acid value | mg KOH/g | – | 0.50 | 0.40 | – | 0.336 | – | 2.24 |
| 6 | Iodine value | g iodine/100 g | – | 120 | 160.66 | 90.4 | 106.26 | – | 169.11 |
| 7 | Oxidation stability | min | – | 8 | 9.42 | – | – | – | – |
| 8 | Saponification number | mg KOH/g | – | – | 200.63 | – | – | – | 157.08 |
| 9 | Linolenic acid methyl ester | (m/m)% | – | – | 0 | – | 11.701 | – | – |
| 10 | Polyunsaturated methyl ester (≥4 double bonds) | (m/m)% | – | 1.0 | 0.17 | – | 0 | – | – |
| 11 | Color | – | – | – | Dark greenish | – | 2.0 | – | Yellow orange |
| 12 | Physical state at room temperature | – | – | – | Liquid | – | – | – | – |
| 13 | Flash point | °C | 101 | – | >120 | 162 | 164 | – | 171 |
| 14 | Cloud point | °C | Report | −1.30 | 1 | 5 | −6.2 | −4 | |
| 15 | Cold filter plugging point | °C | Report | −4.52 | – | 0 | −10.5 | – | |
| 16 | Pour point | °C | – | – | −6.87 | −3 | −18 | −8 | −9 |
| 17 | Carbon | wt.% | 77 | 77.11 | 77.34 | – | 76.90 | – | |
| 18 | Hydrogen | wt.% | 12 | 11.16 | 11.90 | – | 11.30 | – | |
| 19 | Oxygen | wt.% | 11 | 11.73 | 10.27 | – | – | – | |
| 20 | Copper strip corrosion, 3 h at 50 °C | Degree of corrosion | Class 1 | 1a | – | 1a | – | – | |
| 21 | P content | mg/kg | – | 1.0 | – | 4.1 | 9.254 | – | – |
| 22 | Mn content | mg/kg | – | – | 0.093 | – | – | – | – |
| 23 | Group I metals (Na + K) | mg/kg | – | 5.0 | 136.59 | – | 56.15 | – | – |
| 24 | Group II metals (Ca + Mg) | mg/kg | – | 5.0 | 4.95 | – | 25.117 | – | – |
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