Review Article

Active and Passive acoustic logging applied to the detection of preferential flow in a sedimentary aquifer

¹ Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
² SpotLight, 91300 Massy, France
³ LHyGeS–UMR 7517, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, 67000 Strasbourg, France
⁴ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, France
⁵ Geolinks Services, 91300 Massy, France
⁶ Association Pédagogique et Expérimentale du Cher, 18360 Vesdun, France

^* Corresponding author: jeanluc90.mari@gmail.com

Received: 21 February 2023
Accepted: 11 July 2023

Abstract

Two boreholes of an experimental site located in the Cher region (France) were investigated via Full Waveform Acoustic Logging (FWAL). The acoustic tool used for the FWAL experiments is a flexible monopole tool holding two pairs of piezoelectric receivers and a magnetostrictive transducer. The tool was modified to perform both active and passive FWAL. To our knowledge, this change is a novelty. For passive acoustic logging, several runs were recorded to obtain a set of acoustic noise sections from which noise Root Mean Squared (RMS) amplitude logs and spectral amplitude logs in different frequency bandwidths were computed. The acoustic logs resulting from passive acoustic monitoring were compared with P-wave acoustic velocity, core data, and a flowmeter log. It is shown that: (1) the distribution of noise frequencies in the 0–5 kHz is strongly correlated with the variations of the flowmeter, (2) the distribution of noise frequencies and noise RMS amplitude is correlated with the lithology (core description), and the P-wave velocity log. As the noise is simultaneously recorded by two receivers of the tool, an interference noise section was elaborated by correlating and summing pairs of acoustic traces at each depth. This procedure, which can be interpreted as an interferometry analysis, points out the presence of low-frequency waves identified as Stoneley waves. It is shown that the Stoneley wave velocity obtained in passive mode can be used to estimate the shear velocity of the formation.