Table 7

Ce(NO3)3, CeO2 and LaDC, SDC, GDC, and GYDC composite sample powders with 500 °C treatment: Ce L-edge XANES spectrum single maximum differential energy shoulders and corresponding Ce valence.

x Energy (eV) Valence
Ce(NO3)3 5724.3 3
CeO2 5727.7 4
LaDC–C 5727.6 3.96
SDC–C 5727.7 3.97
GDC–C 5727.6 3.96
GYDC–C 5727.7 3.97
Average 3.96(1)

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