Coordinating the Deployment of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage | Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET)

The Role of Negative Emissions Technologies in 2050 Decarbonation Pathways

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Table 4

Overall implementation.

Issue	Interdependencies/antagonisms	Stakeholders	Suboptimal market equilibrium	Policy recommendations in the literature	Sources
1. Negative emissions accounting	Negative emissions accounting is complex: it should be based on a life cycle assessment across international supply chains, with GHG emissions at numerous stages		Incentive to withhold information on process emissions Lack of transparency and permanency, risk of double counting	International coordination in negative emissions accounting. Apply a rate of discount when a state report international negative emissions transfers Implement monitoring (of CO₂ streams and transfers), Reporting, and Verification (MRV) processes	[40, 42, 84]
2. International cooperation	Countries have common but differentiated responsibilities	Countries with biomass production potential Countries with CCS projects	Many developing countries have the potential to deploy BECCS but do not prioritize climate mitigation International cooperation is needed to ensure cost-efficient BECCS systems	High levels of support from rich countries sustained over decades Sustainable Development Mechanisms	[20, 80, 91–95]
3. Public perception	Local populations are affected by the deployment of BECCS	Local population BECCS plant CO₂ operators Bioenergy operators	Local opposition against CO₂ storage or land-use change	Inclusive and transparent decision-making process and benefit-sharing	[18, 66, 80, 96]

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