Issue |
Sci. Tech. Energ. Transition
Volume 79, 2024
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 16 | |
Number of page(s) | 18 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.2516/stet/2024015 | |
Published online | 18 March 2024 |
Regular Article
Effects of compression ratio on the performance and emission levels of a CI engine fueled with safflower oil methyl ester through an engine simulation approach
1
Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, 06560, Türkiye
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Architecture, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, 66200, Türkiye
3
Department of Automotive Technology, Kırıkkale Vocational School, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, 71450, Türkiye
* Corresponding author: kadir.yesilyurt@bozok.edu.tr
Received:
7
October
2023
Accepted:
8
February
2024
In recent years, the research community has shown significant interest in the potential of biodiesel as a renewable alternative to conventional fossil-based fuels. Nevertheless, the experimental investigation of the effects of diverse biodiesel formulations on internal combustion engines demands a significant investment of time and financial resources. Consequently, the numerical alternative methodologies are advocated as a viable substitute for practical experiments. Numerical simulations offer the opportunity for a meticulous examination of the characteristics of internal combustion engines under diverse operational conditions and various biodiesel blends, thereby optimizing efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This study focused on the simulation of performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine running on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil methyl ester (SOME) and traditional diesel fuel using AVL simulation software. Furthermore, the simulation results were compared with a laboratory study carried out under identical conditions. The simulated engine underwent testing across various compression ratios (CRs) (ranging from 12:1 to 18:1) and engine loads (from 25% to full load) while sustaining a consistent speed of 1500 rpm. The simulation findings revealed that the engine exhibited its highest BSFC as 0.495 kg/kWh with SOME fuel, at a CR of 12:1, modestly lower than the corresponding experimental observation of 0.520 kg/kWh. Concurrently, the lowest value of BSFC, recorded as 0.267 kg/kWh with diesel fuel and a CR of 18:1, demonstrated a marginal deviation from the experimental result of 0.281 kg/kWh. Additionally, SOME fuel usage was correlated with diminished CO and HC emissions. The experimental findings indicated the lowest value of CO and HC emissions, as 0.14% and 21.7 ppm, respectively, with SOME fuel at a CR of 18:1, marginally below the simulation-derived values of 0.13% and 20.8 ppm. Conversely, diesel fuel at a CR of 12:1 exhibited maximal CO and HC emissions, registering 0.38% and 199.5 ppm, respectively, in the experimental study. In comparison, the simulation values were slightly lower at 0.36% and 194.1 ppm. Moreover, the experimental investigation identified SOME fuel as yielding the highest CO2 emission, reaching a peak of 11.9% under a CR of 18:1, while the simulation showed a slightly lower value of 11.2%. In contrast, diesel fuel at a CR of 12:1 resulted in the lowest CO2 emission at 3.85% in the experiment, with the simulation reporting a slightly reduced value of 3.77%. Regarding NOx emissions, the experiment recorded the peak at 1687 ppm with SOME fuel and a CR of 18:1, slightly surpassing the simulation’s value of 1643 ppm. Conversely, the experimental data indicated the lowest NOx emission as 103 ppm with diesel fuel and a CR of 12:1, with the simulation suggesting a slightly lower value of 98.2 ppm under identical conditions. The simulation results demonstrated favorable concordance with experimental findings, notably strengthening with an increase in CR.
Key words: Safflower oil methyl ester / Engine simulation / Engine characteristics / Harmful pollutants / Compression ratio
© The Author(s), published by EDP Sciences, 2024
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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