Table 6

Optimization results using penalty functions with 8 design variables.

Wind speed (m/s) Penalty function Morphed length (% C) Total LE angle movement (°) Total TE angle movement (°) Thrust force (N) Power improvement (%)
11.5 0.87 5.27 28.72 330,664 21.7
1) Displacement 0.79 2.76 28.3 323,606 21.15
2) Thrust force 0.81 4.74 26.1 306,576 19
8 0.71 11.24 21.38 170,082 8.69
1) Displacement 0.74 0.04 16.75 161,641 7.96
2) Thrust force 0.73 9.59 17.4 161,940 6.81
4 0.84 3.09 18.96 42,477.92 7.67
1) Displacement 0.73 0.013 15.17 40,881.13 7.28
2) Thrust force 0.76 2.43 14.97 40,299.10 7.32

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