Geologic perspective for carbon sequestration by woody biomass burial | Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET)

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Table 1

Geotechnical considerations in UWV design.

Geologic attribute	Geotechnical issues	Possible impacts on Underground Wood Vault (UWV) durability	Assessment criteria
1. Hydrology	A. Proximity to surface water	Water infiltration from above	Surface water flow patterns
	A. Proximity to surface water	Water infiltration from above	Annual and seasonal precipitation
	B. Proximity to groundwater	Water incursion from below	Aquifer locations (vertical and lateral)
	B. Proximity to groundwater	Water incursion from below	Aquifer recharge and discharge dynamics
	C. Predictability of water movement	Water environment cannot be reliably modelled	Multi-decadal records of precipitation and water-well productivity
2. Lithology	A. Permeability	Materials do (or do not) allow interstitial water or gas flow	Soil composition and texture
	A. Permeability		Bedrock composition and texture
	B. Hydraulic conductivity	Materials do (or do not) minimize flow-penetration rates by water	Hydraulic conductivity values for all materials
	C. Plasticity	Materials do (or do not) display selfhealing properties during wet/dry cycles	Liquid limit and plasticity index values for all materials
	D. Sorption capacity	Materials do (or do not) tend to immobilize water or GHG through sorption	Mineral composition, especially abundance of expandable phyllosilicates
3. Seismicity	A. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) from shock waves	Shock waves do (or do not) occur frequently	PGA model for 50-year or longer timescale
	A. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) from shock waves	Shock waves do (or do not) occur strongly	Wave-amplification potential implied by lithology
	B. Peak Ground Displacement (PGD) from shock waves	Cap fractures admit water from above or release GHG from below	Mechanical response model for site materials
	B. Peak Ground Displacement (PGD) from shock waves	Sub-surface fractures admit groundwater from below	Geologic evidence for absence of land surface disturbance by earthquake activity

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